Real Estate Investments And Uncle Sam

May 4, 2008


Deductions in the property taxes that are paid on an individuals personal primary house and mortgage interest are one of the best tax breaks that have been provided by the US Tax Code. More than 66% of Americans are taking advantage of the benefits that this tax break offers. If you are buying a house for the first time with the purpose of occupying it, it can mean thousands of dollars in tax savings. For instance, residents of a particular community earn more than 100,000 dollars per year.

Now assume that a homebuyer will purchase a typical house in that area within the community at a purchase price of 600,000 dollars and finance the purchase with a conventional 30 years fixed rate loan, with an interest rate of 6.25%. The new owner of the house comes into the 25% tax bracket. He or she will have a tax deduction on an annual basis on the mortgage interest of around 30,000 dollars per year and annual property tax deduction of 7,500 dollars! In this way, the new owner can save approximately 9,375 dollars in a year.

Besides the annual tax breaks there is another additional tax break that is being offered to homeowners when they decide to sell the house. If you want to, you can avoid the taxes on the profit that you will be making but this will depend a lot on your circumstances.

Few years back in order to avoid the tax payment on the sale of a house, the homeowners used the sale proceeds for buying another house. Some changes were brought in to the law in 1997 so that approximately 250,000 dollars in sales profit or gain is made free from taxes, if the homeowner owned the property for at least two years and stayed in it for more than 2 years before the house is sold. If you have not lived in your property for 2 to 5 years even though you own the house, you do not qualify for this benefit. If you sell your house before you meet the ownership and requirements of residence, you owe the government tax on any profit that you will be making.

If the sale takes place due to some changes in the health of the owner, employment or otherwise, the IRS can provide some tax relief and in this situation the tax-free gain amount would be prorated. There was a ruling by the IRS in 2002 by which more dollars can be added into the pocket of the homeowners when they sell before they qualify for the full tax break. Some unforeseen circumstances have also been defined by the Treasury under which the homeowners can get some relief from taxes. These circumstances include divorce, death, legal separations, and loss of job or any change in employment. You should seek good advice on tax matters from any tax professional before buying because this will make a lot of difference in decision related to the kind of property you should, invest in.
Real Estate Investments are flying in our market like hot cakes….Why?, because we have the formula for YOUR Real Estate Investing Success. Unless you don’t want a great deal, then do not visit http://www.realnetusa.com.

A Closer Look At Day Trading

May 4, 2008


Day trading is a controversial word in the world of stock trading. Many see it as a way to make a living off of the fast paced stock market. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) warns against the practice and cautions against getting involved in the practice.

Just what is day trading and why does it cause many to be cautious? Day trading is the practice of rapidly buying and selling stock throughout the day in the hopes to profit from the marginal changes in the market in that specific day. Ideally, this practice allows investors to profit from the fractional increases in the market.

Day traders look at a certain set of criteria when determining whether a stock is suitable for day trading. First, the stock must have a high liquidity. This means that the stock in question has a large numbers of buyers and sellers. The liquidity allows day traders to quickly acquire and then sell stock. Liquidity is based on the volume of transactions on the market, the number of outstanding shares, the total number of shareholders and the number of market makers. Most stocks on the NYSE and NASDAQ have a high degree of liquidity.

A day trader also looks at volume individually, in addition to using it as criteria for liquidity. To be eligible for day trading, a stock should trade at least 500,000 shares a day. Stocks with 500,000 trades a day or more will allow the day trader to acquire or sell a large amount of stock without greatly affecting the price of the stock. Volatility is another factor in evaluating a stock for day trading. The term refers to the actual or expected price movement of the stock. This movement is up or down over a period of time. Day traders look at the volatility of stocks over an individual day. Stocks that change price frequently over one trading day are ideal candidates for day trading. A fluctuation of at least $2.00 per day is recommended.

Finally, a day trader evaluates the price transparency of stock. This term refers to the ability to gather information on the order flow of a stock. Also called market depth, price transparency helps the day trader determine just how much money there is to be made on a certain stock. The Nasdaq II quote system offers information on all bids. Day traders who arrange to access the NASDAQ level II quote screens can assess the strength or weakness of a stock and determine its movement in price.

While day trading is completely legal and entirely ethical, it is highly risky. Day traders usually buy on borrowed money with the hope that they will obtain higher profits through their acquisitions and sales. People who are deemed “pattern day traders” by the NASDAQ and NYSE must have at least $25,000 in their accounts and can only trade in margin accounts. Margin accounts are brokerage accounts in which the broker lends the investor cash to purchase securities. If the value of the stock drops significantly, the investor is required to deposit more cash to cover the margin or sell the stock.

The SEC warns against day trading and has taken many steps to inform people of the associated risks.

The first few months a vast majority of day traders suffer massive financial losses and only a few make it through to become profit-making day traders. For this reason, day traders should only invest money that they can afford to lose. They should never use money for necessities such as living expenses, retirement accounts or second mortgages.

Keep in mind that day traders do not own stocks for longer than a few minutes at most. Stocks are never kept overnight because of extreme risk of prices changing to the detriment of the trader. Day traders do not invest, rather, they speculate on the movement in price of a stock throughout the day.

There are many websites whose sole purpose is to profit off those who wish to become day traders. These websites promise quick returns and offer “hot tips” to their members for a fee. The sources are most often paid to make these recommendations and should be avoided.
Gregg Hall is a business consultant and author for many online and offline businesses and lives in Navarre Florida. Get Day Trading Systems

Fax Free Payday Loan Easy Cash Loan Application

May 3, 2008


In this day and age of competition and internet exposure, it is only to be expected that there are agencies to lend you money without asking any questions. The fax free payday loan is just that. You no longer have to submit your documents over the fax machine and neither do you have to go looking for a reliable source to fax it from. This also eliminates the need to go to a loan shop and stand in a line just to hand over an application form.

Payday loans are short term loans for the period usually up to four weeks. You can borrow small amount of money between $100 and $1500 and pay it back when you get your next pay. The loans are supposed to be for emergencies only. Meaning they cannot be used on a regular basis. Instead, you should only opt for a payday loan when you face an unexpected financial trouble while there are no other cash resources available.

Apply with Confidence

The fax free payday loan has taken the idea behind this system of financing a step further and made it even quicker. You can simply submit your online application form over a secure server and rest assured your secret will remain confidential. The lender must protect your privacy and not let your personal information to leak to any other party. The government has very strict regulation in preventing such a circumstance.

To make the process more time efficient you should make sure that all the information that you have supplied is authentic and do not call for questioning. You should not risk getting humiliated over a lie that you might have submitted in your form. Remember, lenders have their own ways of tracking down each and every detail of your life, personal and otherwise.

Borrow Wisely

Since the process does not involve any transaction of documents, the sum that is loaned is also fairly marginal. However, this may depend largely on your income. The fax free payday loan will generally give you up to $1500 in your account. The time this amount is leased for is also fairly short, going up to a maximum of four weeks. This is an emergency loan and you should learn to value this service, however, avoid abusing this facility as it can turn into a curse financially. Anything in excess can harm you, so can this form of borrowing.
Click here to apply for fax free payday loan quickly online. You can borrow cash up to $1500 from payday loan companies over the Internet.

Forex Predictions

May 3, 2008


The Euro apparition led to an important decrease of Forex business, and the firm opened new directions, like applying for banking license or realizing regular transactions, similar to the postal service. Most traders dont like risk - they believe people that say that you can trade safely. The advantages of FOREX online system and how to choose a good one are outlined in this article. Sure, youll miss the absolute top and bottom, but no one can pick those anyway - so dont even try.

We generally do not consider these to be forex brokerage firms. Also, plain vanilla options are often the basis of forex option trading strategies known as exotic options. A trader needs to be very careful while choosing a broker. Leverage is the ratio of the money present in the account of the trader to the amount that opened the account. It deals with buying of one currency and selling of the other at the same time. The execution speed of discount brokers should also be considered, especially when you are a day trader.

You want the assurance that he/she will be able to act on your decision and access the funds needed. Many people when looking for a forex broker are overly concerned about the cost. Forex Broker Info is the sister site of Incorporating in Florida Web. But because of web-based Forex brokers individual traders now have that access as well. Brokers keep traders informed of market fluctuations, which help them to take maximum advantage of the forex market.

This alone is enough to highly recommend a Forex trading training. They do a technical analysis of market conditions and use a combination of indicators to identify trends and isolate profitable entry and exit points. In day trading, different shares are bound to undergo different resistance and support levels. Throughout the course of a month I managed to compile 23 wins and 2 loses, for a net profit of $1,219. I happened to be browsing the internet one day looking for things such as FOREX signals, automated trading signals and FOREX profits. I thought to myself, this is excellent; I am ready to begin with a live account and to trade for myself. After some though, I came out with the assumption that assuming I am the owner of a Forex signals provider, in order for my business to be in black, obviously I need some satisfying customers.

Failures, disruptions, or delays from these types of problems can happen. Another benefit of FOREX is that its size prevents almost all attempts by others to influence the market for their own gain. Pivot points take note of previous support and resistance lines as price will come back to retest these levels time and time again. Before you select a forex broker, ask for his/her references. A bull or a bear market does not affect the Forex market.
Learn more about Forex Predicions | Forex Advisory | Mercado Forex

Smart Investment Options For Your Retirement

May 2, 2008


Saving money and then watching it grow is an exciting thing but this requires knowing the right means of investing. In addition to a standard savings account, people invest with IRAs, stocks, bonds, real estate, businesses, 401K programs, and so on. The good news is that when it comes to investing, you have many excellent options from which to choose. Obviously, you want to choose the option that will make the most out of your hard-earned money.

Although people invest for different reasons, the number one reason is for retirement. Knowing how hard it would be to live off Social Security, people, especially those from the Baby Boomer era, are taking investing seriously, and they should. When you consider the low income for retirees, along with inflation, trying to live a decent life would be a challenge. Unfortunately, millions of people now live at or below poverty level because they did not plan for their retirement.

One of the most popular forms used for investing is the stock market. If you choose the right stock and the right equations, you can do very well. However, with the stock market, you need to remember that you are depending on market performance. In other words, if the stock market were ever to plummet as it did before, you could lose everything. For this reason, while the stock market is one option for investing, there are others with fewer risks.

For starters, there is a 401K and IRA. With this, you might think about contributing to an IRA account, based off funds from your company’s 401K plan. With a 401K, most companies will match funds to a certain point. Then, once you have achieved a set level, you would become eligible for the highest matching possible, allowing you to contribute to an IRA. When looking at an IRA, we recommend you choose one that does not penalize you for taking money out. Although the goal is to leave the money in, you could be faced with an emergency in which you would need to withdraw some funds. Therefore, a Roth IRA would be the ideal solution.

Investing can also be done by diversifying your mutual funds. Once you have invested your money in a standard index fund, you would need to look at various markets and industries of interest. With this, compare the mutual funds that concentrate on different aspects of the market. The bottom line is that if you use your mutual funds for investing in various market segments, you get the advantage of large trends while eliminating the risk with other types of investments.

You will also find a number of online investing companies that will allow you to buy stock for as little as $4. These programs are convenient and if done right, can be beneficial. The key in this case is not to become too “trade happy”, meaning you should not trade too often. For the most back on your money with online investing, we suggest you commit to following up on your stocks no more than once a week. Keep in mind that other types of investing include corporate bonds, insider trading, and 529 funds, which is a great way to save for your child’s future college.
Grant Segall writes for the investment and money matters website Investentry.com

Q and A About Credit And Credit Bureaus

May 2, 2008


Consumers cannot repair credit score by themselves. This is actually not true. All the information that you need to erase bad credit from your bad credit file like the pros is easily accessible at online. You can also receive a free online credit report and find out your bad credit so that you can perform do it yourself credit repair.And you do not have to pay thousands to achieve a good credit score.

If you get a bad item removed from your credit report, it can easily be put back on. The truth about this misconception is that if you follow the rules of the Fair Credit Reporting Act and dispute erroneous items on your credit report, it cannot be put back on your credit.Once you receive your free online credit report you can eliminate the bad credit and perform a credit dispute.

Paying off old debt or charge offs according to credit bureaus removes it from your credit. Paying off old debt settles the creditor but does not clear your credit report of the bad credit. But it is possible with a little information, to wipe any charge-off from your credit.This is all part of do it yourself credit repair which shows how you can erase bad credit using credit repair secrets.

Credit Bureaus are a government agency. Many people have the perception that this is the case, but actually all three credit bureaus are private companies. This makes them liable for damages therefore if you follow them with the law, rather than risk a law suit they will most likely settle and clean your credit.
Credit Bureaus are required to remove any erroneous items from your credit after 7 years. This is true but what people dont realize that the 7 years begins from your last delinquency which therefore can extend this time even past 10 years. And that is a long time to be without good credit.

Information on your credit cannot be changed by disputing. The opposite is actually true. Any dispute presented to the credit bureau has to be verified and confirmed by the bureau within 30 days which after they have to remove the item from your report by law. This is quoted under the Fair Credit Reporting Act.

Inquiries into your credit can damage your credit. This is unfortunately true, if you have a couple of inquiries then it is not too bad, but anything more and creditors will see you as desperately seeking credit from anyone who is giving it.

These days consumers can obtain a free online credit report is made to assist general people as it helps in protecting consumers from Credit Repair Services and also helps in maintaining credit repair secrets. Free online credit report also provides consumer with credit repair guidelines that can help in reducing Credit repair Errors and so the consumers having bad or compromised credit rating can easily repair credit rating.

Free online credit report not only helps in keeping consumers secrets to credit repair but also offers consumers with credit repair guidelines by which the consumer can repair your bad credit reports faster.

From Free online credit report the consumers can repair credit score within days and so free online credit report proves to be the best ways to repair bad credit and also a good credit repair kit. Increase Profits with credit repair and now it is easy and simple maintaining an individual’s creditworthiness by getting the information that an individual wants.

Credit repair kit available online provides you with such excellent information like credit repair business that will be surely useful to every one and thus will help everybody in achieving the better results. Remember that repairing and building credit is a marathon not a sprint.
The Asani Wells financial group consists of ex-Bureau employees and agency solicitors who have combined years of knowledge of the credit score system into this easy to read downloadable EBOOK. Please visit http://www.1800aaacredit.com for more details.

Credit Card Minimum Payments to Increase Soon

May 2, 2008


The Office of the Controller has strongly recommended that credit card companies make their customers pay higher minimum payments, up to double the current amount to try to help us get out of debt. So instead of approximately 2% of your balance, you could pay up to 4%. This will affect at least 7% who currently only pay the minimum and those who can only afford to pay a small portion over the minimum.

These days the average consumer has 4-6 credit cards, not including gas cards, and $8-20 thousand dollars in credit card debt and rising. Paying only the current minimum and never charging again will keep you in debt for 30-60 years, depending on interest, late fees and over limit costs.

The guidelines to raise the credit card minimum were made in 2003, but the banks and credit card companies wanted some time to ease into it. Some say, they waited until the new bankruptcy laws were into effect, so they would have less to lose.

There’s no set date when your credit card company will start increasing your minimum payments, just know they will and probably soon. Some already have. I’ve read dates from July to October of this year and many thought it was going to happen last year, so be warned.

What can you do, if you will not be able to afford this increase?

You can contact your credit card companies and see if any will work out a lower payment for you on a temporary basis. Keep in mind that frequently, when you have payment arrangements like this, they will not let you use your credit card, so keep at least one available for emergencies.

You can hire a debt consolidation company to get a personal loan for you and pay off all your credit cards. Personal loans usually don’t have very low interest rates, like a home equity loan or refinancing your home. If you don’t think it will take you too long to pay off or you don’t own a home, this may be the way to go. You can also hire these people to make payment arrangements for you or charge off some of your debt. Be careful here, any debt they get “charged off” for you will show that way on your credit report, lowering your credit score dramatically, and you will have to pay taxes on the charged off amount as income.

One solution, is to either get a home equity line of credit or refinance your home. The interest rates are lower than a personal loan or credit card and spread out farther, so you will pay a much lower monthly payment. You always have the option of paying more than the minimum when you can afford to.

If your debts aren’t too terrible, but you may need more in the future for home repairs, my suggestion would be to go with the home equity line of credit. Get approved for a little more than your debts and expected home repairs, so you won’t have to worry about getting another one for a while. Try to pay more than the minimum whenever you can without risking your cash flow.

If you have a lot of credit card debt, home repairs that need to be made, an unstable job or other situation that could make matters much worse at any time, you should probably consider refinancing. If it’s been at least a year or more since you purchased or previously refinanced your home you probably have enough equity, depending on where you live of course. Also, if you’ve been making your payments on time for the past year or more, you’ll have a good payment history and should have a good enough credit score to get a decent rate.

If you have late payments, you still may want to consider refinancing at a higher rate, as a temporary solution. Your interest rate will probably be much less than your credit card interest, so you’ll pay a lower monthly payment and not risk ruining your credit or worse, losing your house. If you pay all your bills on time for the following 11/2 to 2 years, you can refinance again to get a better rate.

If you think that the rise in credit card minimum payments will affect you adversely, try to make a decision on what you are going to do about it soon. The longer you put it off, the harder it will be to deal with in the future.
Sandra Wellman is a mortgage specialist who can help you refinance your home or get an equity line of credit to help you pay off those credit cards. You can contact her at 510-713-7800 ext 135.

Get A Fresh Start After Filing For Bankruptcy

May 1, 2008


Because of a number of problems that can arise, many people find themselves in a financial situation where their debt load is so heavy, there seems to be no way for them to repay all that they owe. Filing for bankruptcy may be their only hope for rectifying their financial condition and gaining a fresh start.

Certainly, filing a claim form when being broke is a step that is considered to be the last resort and one that is never taken lightly. When people are in a deep mire of debt and they do not have sufficient income to be able to make even the minimum payments, there are other steps that they can take before taking the drastic step. There is credit counseling available when people are overwhelmed with debt and sometimes they even take on an additional job to help make the payments.

Unfortunately, there are many instances in which these approaches are simply not enough and people are left with the last alternative and find themselves in need of legal bankruptcy relief. Even though there are significant negative ramifications when people file bankrupt, at the same time it is a legal step that does indeed provide relief from creditors and provides them with an opportunity to wipe their financial slate clean and new start anew.

One should never decide about filing for bankruptcy until they have had an opportunity to consult with a bankruptcy lawyer, or a credit counseling service at the very least. Many people try to save on the lawyer expense by attempting to do a self bankruptcy, but if anything is overlooked, they can find themselves in a bigger mess than before, since it can be thrown out of court if not properly handled. This is why it is so strongly urged that people should pay for the proper help with being broke, so they can rest assured it will be done correctly.

Filing for legal relief is a matter of Federal law, which governs the entire process and it is the Federal courts where the claim form and all paperwork is filed. Under United States Federal bankruptcy law, there are three types of it that can be filed.

You can file a Chapter 7, a Chapter 11 or a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Each type of filing has different requirements and this is where it is very helpful to secure professional help with being broke, so that you will be sure you are filing for the right type.

After filing, your creditors must stop making any attempts at collecting on debts that are included in the bankruptcy filing. Also, they cannot pursue any type of legal action or lawsuits against you once they have been notified that you have filed a claim form. When the bankruptcy in complete and has been discharged, the debts have essentially be rendered null and void and your creditors have no power to make collection demands on you.

Filing for bankruptcy will definitely leave telltale negative marks on your credit report for many years to come. Due to this fact, it is advisable to avoid hunting for a job or renting new living quarters once the process has started. Therefore, it is best to have secure employment and housing first, if at all possible.

Once the bankruptcy has been completed and is discharged, then you can start the process of restoring your credit record. Eventually, even though it will remain on your credit report for ten years, you will be able to have a good credit score once again. In many instances, people have better credit scores within a couple years after the bankruptcy than they ever did before, because they became better money managers.
Educate yourself further about filing for bankruptcy from Mike Selvon articles portal. Your feedback is valued and appreciated at our bankruptcy information blog where a free audio gift awaits you.

Choosing a Credit Card When You Have Poor Credit

May 1, 2008


Poor credit is something that can happen to just about anyone, and it’s not always due to circumstances we could have controlled. Sometimes life events just go beyond what even the most budget conscious could have paid for.

Once you have things back under control, it’s time to start rebuilding your credit. Even if you hope to never have debt in your life again, building a good credit history can help you.

Your credit history can impact your ability to get a job, a car, a home. It can even impact the rates you pay on insurance. Places you wouldn’t necessarily think of may run a credit check on you.

This makes selecting a credit card to help you build up that score very important. You want it to be something that will help you rather than make things worse.

Many credit cards for poor credit have annual fees. These may not sound too bad, and in many cases really aren’t that bad, until you add them on top of all the other fees that may be charged. Some companies have a fee to join and a monthly fee on top of that, to where the fees are costing you more than you may have planned on spending on the card.

Right off the top, make sure you understand the fee schedule before you even apply for the card. There’s no point in paying for a card you’re going to loathe. Take a little time and you can find much more reasonably priced credit cards.

And don’t pay a fee until you actually get the card. This is one of the best ways to avoid being scammed. You may be having a hard time building up your credit, but that’s no reason to skip your due diligence. It’s for your own protection.

The interest rate offered to you matters, even if you aren’t particularly planning on carrying a balance. You might need to at some point, so do take this into consideration.

A big consideration is whether you want to go with a secured or unsecured credit card. You can find these available to you, pretty much no matter what your credit looks like. Which you prefer is pretty much up to you.

However, if you prefer a secured credit card, make sure that it is a true secured card and reported to the credit bureaus. You do not want to be wasting your efforts with a prepaid debit card when you’re trying to rebuild your credit score. The two can sound very similar, so be sure to ask the company when in doubt.

The grace period can be another major sticking point. You want to have enough time that you actually have a chance of getting your payments in on time. You may be capable of taking that bill the day you get it and sending your payment straight in, but what if you don’t? You need a sufficient grace period to allow yourself to comfortably make that payment.

Beyond all these factors, you want to look at what you really want from the card. If you’re going to carry a balance, a rewards card honestly is probably not the best choice, since the interest will probably eat up your benefits.

Going from a poor credit score to a good one takes time, but it’s a necessity of modern life for most people. If you work at it you should be able to improve your credit score steadily and make the move to a regular credit card over time.
Stephanie Foster blogs at http://credit-blog.findcreditonline.com/ on credit related issues. If you need to find a credit card for poor credit, she suggests looking over the unsecured credit cards at her site.

In Your Best Interest

April 30, 2008


Have you ever wondered why everyone pays a different amount for the insurance for his or her home and car? Your credit score could either be saving you money or causing you to pay a lot more. In the eyes of the insurers, individuals with bad credit will be the most likely to file claims due to negligence of their belongings. People with good credit are perceived as those with a stable financial status who would be able to replace a bad tire or fix a leaky roof at the beginning of the problem. It may seem unfair to put such labels on individuals just because of difference in poor or excellent credit but that’s the way credit companies operate. Therefore, by maintaining good credit, you can finance large purchases for less money.

Mortgage interest rates also rely on the owner’s credit record. If your score is considered “excellent”, you could only owe a low fixed rate. The lower your credit score is, the higher rates of interest you will be paying. You probably will be ineligible for a fixed rate, which means the interest percentage could increase at any time and put you at a disadvantage. Lenders make money through interest rates, so they will charge you more to make more money. It is important to have good credit when it comes to your home simply for the fact that you will be saving thousands in interest. Be careful to work with a respectable and fair company so you get the best deal possible when it comes to interest, but realize that good interest rates are only possible if you maintain excellent credit.

Your credit level also affects student loan interest rates. As long as you have good credit, you should have no problem shopping around before you commit to one that feels comfortable to you. Some companies that you will find offer a fixed flat interest rate for all applicants with good credit. As with all interest rates on loans, it will save you a lot of money in the long run to go with the lowest interest rate possible.

Wise decisions regarding your finances will always pay off both immediately and in the long run. Bad credit is a burden on your life, especially when it comes to collectors who will rely solely on the contents of your report. Get your credit score up as soon as you can and do all that you can to keep it high so that when it comes to interest rates, you will be sure to get one that is comfortable to fit into your financial lifestyle.
Tom Ambrozewicz, mortgage and real estate broker since 1993, is one of the pioneers in using breakthrough audio technology on his web sites. You can read or you can listen to professional narrator reading to you. You can check all credit tips at Ask-How.info now.

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.