Foreclosed HomeDiscover The Truth About Foreclosed Homes

July 31, 2009


Foreclosed houses are houses that have been closed by an individual or a group of individuals before another person owns them. Such situations arise when mortgagers either dont bother to take their house back or are unable to release it because of financial adversities. As a result mortgaging companies takes over the charge of the house and offers to resale it.

You might have come across property news and newspaper advertisements, local magazines or even the Internet having information about foreclosed homes. Even the real estate agents have foreclosed homes offers in plenty. To know more about foreclosed homes you can talk to the real estate agents or even the assessors. Plan a visit to the local courthouse would give you a rough idea about the various deals and how their dealing process. Similarly, you can also attend the foreclosure home auctions to know more about the auction options and the risks involved.

Planning to buy a foreclosed home is one of the most significant financial decisions an individual has to take. Purchasing foreclosed homes includes bargaining the foreclosed sale, acquiring mortgage, getting the title insurance and finishing the home purchase.

Before buying a foreclosed house you should be well informed about the various options available. This applies especially to the first time foreclosed homebuyers who are new to the foreclosed property transactions. As mentioned before, consult a reputable title agent or attorney before buying a home.

Many people harbor wrong notions that foreclosed homes are basically shabby homes in rundown neighborhoods. However, its only people who are actually investing in foreclosed properties that know that this notion is incorrect. Foreclosed homes come in a variety of size and shapes, consisting of large, beautiful new homes in the most sought after neighborhoods.

You are in for a terrific amount of savings, if you are buying a foreclosed house. Strange as it sounds, this is true. By buying homes at 10% to 60% below the original market value simplifies making monthly payments and generates huge savings on the whole. In some circumstances, individuals can buy homes with very less or no deposits, even if they have a bad credit history. Foreclosure pricing is also known for building equity instantly.

Today, you might find more opportunities for buying foreclosures than ever before. To some extent this is because of the high debt rates getting more people into financial trouble, and partially because lenders are giving mortgages to higher-risk borrowers. However, the good news is that together these factors are increasing loan default rates. People who plan to buy foreclosed homes can pick and choose the home they want at a great price. Many of these homes are not advertised, as they are not profitable for the real estate agents.

Foreclosed homes can prove to be of good value for the right person who is willing to consider all the options available. If you are a buyer of foreclosed homes, keep in mind that these houses are not necessarily vacant. Till mortgage companies hand over the house to the buyer, the original residents still own it. Basically, it depends on the buyer decision to keep the original owners as tenants or ask them to vacate the house. Furthermore, furnishing or renovation of the house is not the responsibility of the original buyers.
Sell Your Home Fast? As Is Now will buy your house in 24 hours if approved and you get cash in your pocket. We help you get rid of your home fast for any reason including to Stop Home Foreclosures : http://www.asisnow.com/main.php.

Smart Investment Options For Your Retirement

July 31, 2009


Saving money and then watching it grow is an exciting thing but this requires knowing the right means of investing. In addition to a standard savings account, people invest with IRAs, stocks, bonds, real estate, businesses, 401K programs, and so on. The good news is that when it comes to investing, you have many excellent options from which to choose. Obviously, you want to choose the option that will make the most out of your hard-earned money.

Although people invest for different reasons, the number one reason is for retirement. Knowing how hard it would be to live off Social Security, people, especially those from the Baby Boomer era, are taking investing seriously, and they should. When you consider the low income for retirees, along with inflation, trying to live a decent life would be a challenge. Unfortunately, millions of people now live at or below poverty level because they did not plan for their retirement.

One of the most popular forms used for investing is the stock market. If you choose the right stock and the right equations, you can do very well. However, with the stock market, you need to remember that you are depending on market performance. In other words, if the stock market were ever to plummet as it did before, you could lose everything. For this reason, while the stock market is one option for investing, there are others with fewer risks.

For starters, there is a 401K and IRA. With this, you might think about contributing to an IRA account, based off funds from your company’s 401K plan. With a 401K, most companies will match funds to a certain point. Then, once you have achieved a set level, you would become eligible for the highest matching possible, allowing you to contribute to an IRA. When looking at an IRA, we recommend you choose one that does not penalize you for taking money out. Although the goal is to leave the money in, you could be faced with an emergency in which you would need to withdraw some funds. Therefore, a Roth IRA would be the ideal solution.

Investing can also be done by diversifying your mutual funds. Once you have invested your money in a standard index fund, you would need to look at various markets and industries of interest. With this, compare the mutual funds that concentrate on different aspects of the market. The bottom line is that if you use your mutual funds for investing in various market segments, you get the advantage of large trends while eliminating the risk with other types of investments.

You will also find a number of online investing companies that will allow you to buy stock for as little as $4. These programs are convenient and if done right, can be beneficial. The key in this case is not to become too “trade happy”, meaning you should not trade too often. For the most back on your money with online investing, we suggest you commit to following up on your stocks no more than once a week. Keep in mind that other types of investing include corporate bonds, insider trading, and 529 funds, which is a great way to save for your child’s future college.
Grant Segall writes for the investment and money matters website Investentry.com

Tips On How To Cut Your Monthly Expenditures

July 30, 2009


Money can certainly be tight for many of us, and most of us could use a few tips on how to cut down our monthly bills. While not all tips will ever work for anyone, a number of these can be used by most - that means that there should be something here you can use. Here are a few ideas on how to cut down on your monthly expenses.

1. Combine Your Credit Cards

Most credit cards have a rather high interest rate on them - at least anything is high if it is greater than 0% APR interest. Many credit card offers will now give you 0% APR interest rates for balance transfers and give you great savings each month. All credit card offers are not equal, though, so you should do a little comparison shopping in order to get a good one. If you cannot get a credit card with this level of interest, then try to get one for as low a level as you can get. Also, watch out for balance transfer fees.

2. Comparison Shop

Rather than doing impulse buying, you will usually save a considerable amount of money by looking around for those better deals. This may mean it takes a little more time to shop, but it will help your bottom dollar line. By saving money on good deals, however, should mean that you may have a little more money at the end of each month to either put into savings, or, pay a little extra on those bills to reduce your debt. Much comparison shopping, as you know, can be done on the Internet - and save you some gas money, too.

3. Reduce Your Bills

While this may sound like it is so easy, it may not be for some. Some ways, however, that many can begin to save even more money is by cutting back their thermostat one or two degrees. That little bit can really add up over a year. Another way may be to take that new car and trade it in for a good used one - one that might get a little better gas mileage, too. Other bills that could be reduced may be your Internet service providers (which can be obtained for as little as $6.95), cable TV, and maybe even your car insurance could give you more savings if you increase your deductible.

4. Eat At Home More

Another great expense in many homes is the frequency of eating out. It obviously costs more to eat at a fast food restaurant than it does at home. Besides, it is healthier to eat a balanced home cooked meal than you will ever get at any fast food chain. Another thing that will help is if you plan your menus, and don’t go food shopping when you are hungry. By eating at home more often, it could be possible to save as much as $20 to $30 each week - something that you could put into savings, or use to help reduce your debt in other areas. And another thing, eating at home more could give everyone a little more family time, too.

5. Know Where Your Money Is Going

Most homes have no real idea of where every penny goes. If you keep track of every penny for about two or three weeks, you will know. But as you look over the things you spend money on each week, you may conclude that a lot of money was spent on things that you could have done without. Knowledge, someone said, is power, and knowing where your money is actually going will help you make some wise corrections.

As you become more conscious about where your money is going, and start to make more informed choices about your expenditures, you will soon find other ways to save even more. It all starts with making yourself conscious of where it is going, and knowing what do you want and need to do with it.
Joe Kenny writes for the Credit Card Guide, offering views on credit cards in the UK, visit them today for some great 0% balance transfer offers and start clearing credit card debt today.

Understanding What A Bear Market Is

July 30, 2009


A bear market is when the stock market falls for an extended period of time. The fall is usually around 20% and is the opposite of a bull market. A bear market is caused by the decline in stock prices which are directly influenced by a decrease in company profits. Falling stock prices can also be a correction of over valued stock.

When stocks become to expensive they will eventually fall to a more reasonable price. The decline stock market is further perpetuated by scared investors who will sell their stocks at the first sign of decrease stock prices and the cycle continues. For example the bear market during thw 1970s went on for over a decade when stocks went sideways. It was experiences like that which cause people to move away from day and active trading into more low risk investments. This is when the popularity of bonds and mutual funds began.

A bear market will cause your stocks to drop in price. The decrease in their value can happen extremely quickly or gradually over time. Both lead to the same conclusion that your quote value of a stock is actually lower. However, a bear market is only bad if you plan on selling your stock immediately or you simply need the money. Investments are really meant to be long term. If stocks prices drop all you need to do is wait for them to increase again. In fact bear markets, falling stock prices, and depressive markets are important to the success of the long term investor. Bear markets offer an opportunity to buy cheap stocks.

If you have the ability, financial basis, and the patience to wait a decade or more for your profit, bear markets are extremely important to you. Financial advisors will often tell their clients to sell their stocks when market prices fall but this is clearly a bad move. Financial advisor usually offer this kind of advice to appease an investor concerns and uphold their own reputation. In other word financial experts do not know everything, use your own judgment.

Investing money in a bear market is not rocket science but it can be tricky. You need to look for companies and funds that have the future potential to make you money 20 years from now. This is hard to do, since future predictability is impossible. However, you can use common sense. Gillette razors and coke product stock may fail 40% today in the future people are still going to buy both. The important point here is to not to couple stock price with business. Just because a stock price falls does not mean that a company is going under. As mentioned above it may just be a stock market correction.

If you can take a deep breath and have confidence you will realize that a bear market and falling stock prices is a good thing. It is like clearance sale on stocks, and suddenly companies which were out of your reach can be afforded. Everything in the universe including the stock market will find and maintain balance - thus bringing those falling stocks back up to reasonable price.
More Articles & Tutorials and a Free Investing For Beginners E-Course at http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com

Surging Inflation Impacts Upon Consumer Finances

July 29, 2009


Earlier this week the publication of a new study suggested that the British public is experiencing much greater financial pressure than the government figures indicate.

According to statistics released by the Motley Fool, some nine out of ten consumers believe that the cost of living is rising by 7.3 per cent - about three times higher than the official number of 2.5 per cent. Overall, two out of three believe their personal inflation lies between four and nine per cent, with one in five people claiming is stands between ten and 15 per cent.

Meanwhile, those in Scotland suggested that inflation currently stands at 6.3 per cent - a fall from the 7.5 per cent noted in January. On the other hand, Northern Ireland consumers could be facing a particular increase in difficulties with their day-to-day finances as they claim to face an inflation rate of 8.1 per cent - the highest figure noted in the country and up by 0.4 percentage points from six months ago.

David Kuo, head of personal finance for the firm, said: “Older people, especially those who rely on retirement income, are some of the worst affected. Furthermore, people relying on the basic state pension, which will only rise in line with government inflation figures, may feel the pinch even more. Inflation is sometimes called the hidden risk because it quietly chips away at the buying power of the pound in our pockets. But it’s hard to disguise a chip when it becomes a chunk.”

Consequently he suggested that inflation is not “whittling away” consumers’ income as official figures suggest but rather is leading towards a significant rise in debt problems. “For one in five people, the buying power of the pound in their pockets is being eroded at over twice this rate,” Mr Kuo claimed.

Consumers aged 58 and over claimed inflation rates currently stand at 7.1 per cent, which could see these people particularly facing debt problems. Meanwhile, those between 42 and 49-years-old claimed the highest rises in living costs at 7.6 per cent. However, although young people were said to have been the least affected, they claimed living costs had risen to 6.9 per cent a rise of a full percentage point since January.

But, in a challenge to the Motley Fool figures, research from Birmingham Midshires’ Life 2 campaign has indicated that those over the age of 55 see themselves are being financially comfortable. Some 19 per cent of those in the group claim they can afford the social life they want, with one in ten reported to be “totally satisfied” they can afford to indulge themselves.

However, only one in 50 of 18 to 24-year-olds were said to hold this level of satisfaction. The study from the financial services firm also indicated that just over half (55 per cent) of consumers aged above 55 with both a state and personal pension account say that they are confident that they can afford day-to-day expenses in later life, the largest proportion recorded among any working group. Meanwhile, this figure was said to have fallen to 15 per cent for Britons with just a state pension.

Jason Robinson, director of savings operations for Birmingham Midshires said: “The over - 55s are facing enormous change in their lives and many may be apprehensive about their retirement.”The director added: “It’s great news that many people can look forward to financial and social freedom in later life - but, of course, the more money they have coming in from pensions and savings the more enjoyable retirement will be.”

However, with inflation rates higher than officials figures and the government announcing yesterday that interest rates are rise to 5.75 per cent consumers of all ages could find their day-to-day finances squeezed.
Abbi Rouse writes for 1 stop finance shop where visitors can apply for UK debt consolidation loans and also focuses on cheap personal loans and bad credit secured loans for UK residents.

Understanding What A Bear Market Is

July 29, 2009


A bear market is when the stock market falls for an extended period of time. The fall is usually around 20% and is the opposite of a bull market. A bear market is caused by the decline in stock prices which are directly influenced by a decrease in company profits. Falling stock prices can also be a correction of over valued stock.

When stocks become to expensive they will eventually fall to a more reasonable price. The decline stock market is further perpetuated by scared investors who will sell their stocks at the first sign of decrease stock prices and the cycle continues. For example the bear market during thw 1970s went on for over a decade when stocks went sideways. It was experiences like that which cause people to move away from day and active trading into more low risk investments. This is when the popularity of bonds and mutual funds began.

A bear market will cause your stocks to drop in price. The decrease in their value can happen extremely quickly or gradually over time. Both lead to the same conclusion that your quote value of a stock is actually lower. However, a bear market is only bad if you plan on selling your stock immediately or you simply need the money. Investments are really meant to be long term. If stocks prices drop all you need to do is wait for them to increase again. In fact bear markets, falling stock prices, and depressive markets are important to the success of the long term investor. Bear markets offer an opportunity to buy cheap stocks.

If you have the ability, financial basis, and the patience to wait a decade or more for your profit, bear markets are extremely important to you. Financial advisors will often tell their clients to sell their stocks when market prices fall but this is clearly a bad move. Financial advisor usually offer this kind of advice to appease an investor concerns and uphold their own reputation. In other word financial experts do not know everything, use your own judgment.

Investing money in a bear market is not rocket science but it can be tricky. You need to look for companies and funds that have the future potential to make you money 20 years from now. This is hard to do, since future predictability is impossible. However, you can use common sense. Gillette razors and coke product stock may fail 40% today in the future people are still going to buy both. The important point here is to not to couple stock price with business. Just because a stock price falls does not mean that a company is going under. As mentioned above it may just be a stock market correction.

If you can take a deep breath and have confidence you will realize that a bear market and falling stock prices is a good thing. It is like clearance sale on stocks, and suddenly companies which were out of your reach can be afforded. Everything in the universe including the stock market will find and maintain balance - thus bringing those falling stocks back up to reasonable price.
More Articles & Tutorials and a Free Investing For Beginners E-Course at http://www.Global-Investment-Institute.com

How Are Finance Charges Calculated

July 28, 2009


Whether you are shopping for a new credit card or wondering about the one that you may already have, knowing how to calculate the finance charge applied to that card is important. First, however, it is equally important to know what finance charges really are.

A credit card finance charge is the amount of money that you pay to the credit card company in order to use their credit. This is not the same as the purchase amount balance. The purchase amount balance is the dollar amount of the purchases that you made using the card. If you pay off the purchase amount balance within the stated amount of time that the company allows, you will have no finance charges applied to the amount. It is when you carry over your balance that finance charges are triggered and added to your account.

Finance charges are calculated using the amount of your outstanding balance and APR. The APR is the Annual Percentage Rate and all credit cards use them to figure finance charges. It is important for consumers to understand that the ARP can vary from one company to the next, and it can even vary within the same company. It is for this reason that consumers should always look for the companies with the lowest APR’s. This will save you money in the long run.

There are several ways that credit card companies can calculate the finance charges that they apply to consumer credit. Many people do not realize it but the method that is used can make a difference in the amount of money that you will have to pay. Here are some of the methods that credit card companies use to figure finance charges on your outstanding balance:

They can calculate using one billing cycle or two billing cycles.

They can use the adjusted balance, previous balance, or the average daily balance.

They can exclude or include new purchases in the balance.

You will normally find that you have a lower finance charge when the company uses what is known as one-cycle billing and uses the average daily balance method which excludes new purchases. Much of this, however, depends on the balance and the time of the month that you make purchases and payments.

The next lower finance charge method is the adjusted balance, followed by the previous balance method. You can see which method the company is using by reading the bill that you receive. This information is usually contained on the back side.

It is also important that you understand that some companies will have a minimum finance charge system. When a credit card company uses this system you will be charged that set amount even if your calculated finance charge is less than that amount.

Of particular importance to some credit card holders are the cash advance programs that come with some cards. Consumers should be very careful when using credit cards for cash advances. Many companies that offer cash advances treat those advances differently than they do purchases. Before you use your credit card for a cash advance, make sure you look for the details of how you will be charged for that advance.

You will certainly want to know what the APR is for cash advances. Keep in mind that this may be significantly higher than the APR that is used for purchases. You should also investigate the fees that may be applied to the transaction. Fees are in addition to the finance charge that you will have to pay.

Lastly, find out how your payments will be credited. Some companies will apply your payments to your purchases first and then to any advances in cash that you have taken.

Use your credit card wisely and keep track of your finance charges and you will enjoy your credit more fully and avoid some of the pitfalls that many consumers experience.
Peter Kenny is a writer for The Thrifty Scot, please visit us at Bank Charges and Best Credit Cards

Forex Predictions

July 28, 2009


The Euro apparition led to an important decrease of Forex business, and the firm opened new directions, like applying for banking license or realizing regular transactions, similar to the postal service. Most traders dont like risk - they believe people that say that you can trade safely. The advantages of FOREX online system and how to choose a good one are outlined in this article. Sure, youll miss the absolute top and bottom, but no one can pick those anyway - so dont even try.

We generally do not consider these to be forex brokerage firms. Also, plain vanilla options are often the basis of forex option trading strategies known as exotic options. A trader needs to be very careful while choosing a broker. Leverage is the ratio of the money present in the account of the trader to the amount that opened the account. It deals with buying of one currency and selling of the other at the same time. The execution speed of discount brokers should also be considered, especially when you are a day trader.

You want the assurance that he/she will be able to act on your decision and access the funds needed. Many people when looking for a forex broker are overly concerned about the cost. Forex Broker Info is the sister site of Incorporating in Florida Web. But because of web-based Forex brokers individual traders now have that access as well. Brokers keep traders informed of market fluctuations, which help them to take maximum advantage of the forex market.

This alone is enough to highly recommend a Forex trading training. They do a technical analysis of market conditions and use a combination of indicators to identify trends and isolate profitable entry and exit points. In day trading, different shares are bound to undergo different resistance and support levels. Throughout the course of a month I managed to compile 23 wins and 2 loses, for a net profit of $1,219. I happened to be browsing the internet one day looking for things such as FOREX signals, automated trading signals and FOREX profits. I thought to myself, this is excellent; I am ready to begin with a live account and to trade for myself. After some though, I came out with the assumption that assuming I am the owner of a Forex signals provider, in order for my business to be in black, obviously I need some satisfying customers.

Failures, disruptions, or delays from these types of problems can happen. Another benefit of FOREX is that its size prevents almost all attempts by others to influence the market for their own gain. Pivot points take note of previous support and resistance lines as price will come back to retest these levels time and time again. Before you select a forex broker, ask for his/her references. A bull or a bear market does not affect the Forex market.
Learn more about Forex Predicions | Forex Advisory | Mercado Forex

The Biggest Lie Ever Told About Wealth

July 28, 2009


Why is it that 90% of the population find it so difficult to become rich? It is because all of us have been told the greatest lie of all, the lie that has been keeping us from becoming rich. Before you can ever become wealthy, you must first discover the truth about wealth and remove the wool that has been pulled over your eyes for way too long.

Let me start off by asking you to do a simple exercise. I would like you to close your eyes and picture a millionaire in your mind. Picture the clothes the person is wearing, the car he drives, how he spends his money, how he spends his day and how he dines. Go ahead and do this NOW before you go onto the next paragraph.

Well, what picture came into your mind?

If you are like most people, you would have pictured a millionaire as someone who wears the latest, branded clothes, who drives the newest luxury car model, who spends lavishly, who dines in fine restaurants and spends on the priciest, choicest dishes and most superb wines.

You may have imagined someone who is relaxing in a cushy leather upholstered armchair in his mansion or yacht, puffing on his Havana cigar. Why is this so?

It’s because of the way we have been brainwashed by television and movies to think this is the way millionaires live and spend their money. It is precisely these beliefs and habits that actually keep us from becoming wealthy!

The truth is that very few self-made millionaires live this way. In fact, the only ones who do live this indolent, self-indulgent lifestyle are the minority of millionaires who either inherited all their wealth or who made their money through sports or entertainment.

And all of them usually have one thing in common. They inevitably end up losing everything within ten years. Their wealth is only temporary. Look at Mike Tyson, Michael Jackson, Bobby Brown and a whole list of other celebrities who made hundreds of millions within their careers. They are either all broke or heavily in debt today.

In the New York Times Best-Selling book ‘The Millionaire Next Door’, Thomas J. Stanley interviewed 300 self-made American millionaires to find out how they think, how they earn their money and how they spend their wealth. What he discovered was a shocking revelation that made his book an instant best-seller.

It was discovered that many people who had high paying jobs, drove the latest luxury cars and wore the latest designer clothes and who appeared to be have millions to spend, were usually broke with a low personal net worth. Most of these professionals and senior executives of multi-national companies were what he termed ‘Under Accumulators of Wealth (UAW)’.

In contrast, those who were actual millionaires (that is those with a net worth of over US$1 million) lived very frugally and well below their means. Eighty-percent of them were born poor or from middle class families.

They wore inexpensive suits and never bought a watch that cost more than S$500. Most of them drove secondhand cars, never bought the latest models of vehicles and they usually invested a minimum of 20% of their income in the stock market or private businesses. He termed these people ‘Prodigious Accumulators of Wealth (PAW)’.

So if creating a million dollar fortune is what you’re aiming for, do what the actual millionaires do and you will accumulate wealth faster than the big spenders ever do.
Adam Khoo is an entrepreneur, best-selling author and a self-made millionaire by the age of 26. Discover his million dollar secrets and claim your FREE audio CD program ‘7 Steps To Financial Freedom’ here.

Losing Your Identity and Your Good Credit

July 27, 2009


Identity theft has become a problem with the introduction of shopping online. Thieves set up
clone web sites much like the ones that are used popularly to make purchases so that they can fool unsuspecting victims into entering their personal information. You can also have your information stolen by not correctly disposing of bank statements and other mail that contains personal information, such as your social security number. It is important to always shred any trash that contains such information, because having your identity stolen can adversely affect your good credit.

Any woman knows that it is a nightmare to have her purse stolen. You lose any money and belongings, and then have to get all of your personal information cards either canceled or replaced. Your debit account could go into a negative balance merely by someone forging your signature. If you don’t have a credit card, the person who holds your personal information can easily open one and charge thousands of dollars worth of merchandise in a matter of hours. If you do not cancel your credit cards and freeze your bank account immediately you could drop from having excellent credit to bad credit sooner than you might think. Other necessary actions would be to file a report with the police and place an initial fraud report on your credit report.

On the Internet and telephone, you take a chance anytime you give out personal information. Prior to entering any personal information, such as your credit card number for making a purchase, be sure to check the web address to be sure that you are on the companies’ official web site rather than a clone with the same appearance but different address. This one thing is often overlooked and thieves have exploited it successfully many times. If you notice this, report the fake site to the official site so that you can help prevent some unsuspecting person from making a simple mistake that could completely ruin their credit.

The best thing to do if you feel that you may have been a victim of identity fraud is to get an up to date credit report and look for activity that you are certain is not your own. In the event that you do find a new account opened or activity that is not your own, contact any companies involved to try to obtain a signature that was not made by you. The sooner you file your identity theft report, the easier it will be when trying to keep your credit report from being harmed. Keep track of every action that you take, and make sure to ask lots of questions about your credit score to be sure that everything is correct.
Tom Ambrozewicz, mortgage and real estate broker since 1993, is one of the pioneers in using breakthrough audio technology on his web sites. You can read or you can listen to professional narrator reading to you. You can check all credit tips at Ask-How.info now.

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U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.